Bloodroot ointment has cytotoxic and immune-modulatory effects on sarcoids, meaning it causes the abnormal cells to stop growing and shrink, Dunkel said. Still, the ointment's full mechanism of. Sanguinaria canadensis, bloodroot, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant native to eastern North America.It is the only species in the genus Sanguinaria, included in the family Papaveraceae, and most closely related to Eomecon of eastern Asia. Bloodroot was used by eastern American Indian tribes as a red dye and in the treatment of ulcers, skin conditions, and as a blood purifier as well as for treating ulcers and skin conditions. All of these medicinal uses derive from the appearance of the blood-red latex exuded from the fresh root. Bloodroot was prized for its root sap, an interesting exudate that remarkably resembles blood. The roots are made into washes, poultices, snuffs, dental powders, and escharotic salves, called red salve by Hoxsey, fixative paste by Dr. Frederic Mohs, black salve by some lay practitioners and Compound X or Indian Mud by others. Bloodroot meaning in Hindi: Get detailed meaning of bloodroot in Hindi language.This page shows bloodroot meaning in Hindi with bloodroot definition,translation and usage.This page provides translation and definition of bloodroot in Hindi language along with grammar, synonyms and antonyms.Answer of question: what is meaning of bloodroot in Hindi dictionary? Bloodroot ka matalab hindi me.
BACHELOR BUTTOND: Love. Also is called: Devils Flower, Red Campion.
BAKULI PODS: Difficult to find magick items also used in sachets and potpourri.
BALM OF GILEAD TEARS: Good for love, manifestations, protection, healing, de-stessing, and assisting in healing from the loss of a loved one. Use in love sachets; carry for healing, protection and mending a broken heart. Used to dress candles for any form of magickal healing. Burn to attract spirits. Also is called: Poplar Buds, Balsam Poplar, Balm of Gilead, Mecca, Mecca Balsam, Balessan, Bechan.
BALMONY: Steadfastness, patience, and perserverance. Associated with the tortoise or turtle. Also called: Hummingbird Tree, Bitter Herb, Snake Head, Turtle Bloom.
BALSAM: Strength and breaking up negativity.
BALSAM FIR NEEDLES: Balsam Fir or The Silver Fir is associated with the moon and with the planet Jupiter. This tree belongs to the triple aspect Goddess that are in Celtic lore, offering learning, choice and progress. The tree is sacred to many Goddesses. Silver Fir is also used for magic involving power, insight, progression, protection, change, feminine rebirth, and birth.
The wood chips or the needles are sometimes used as incense and it carries a sweet forest scent, there chips or needles can be burned right on charcoals or it can also be mixed with other herbs as an incense mixture.
Balsam/Silver Fir is the quintessential Yule tree. Its branches can be used as a decoration at Yule time, either as a wreath or as a garland, where it will provide protection for the entire household or its occupants and visitors.
BAMBOO: Hex breaking, wishes, luck and protection. Carve a wish into bamboo and bury it in a secluded area to make your wish come true. Carry a piece of bamboo for good luck.
BANANA: Is good for fertility, potency and prosperity.
BANYAN: Luck and Happiness.
BARBERRY: Cleansing, sorcery, atonement, freeing oneself from the power or control of another. Also called: Witches Sweets.
BARLEY: Healing, love, and protection. Harvests. Scatter on the ground to keep evil at bay. Tie barley straw around a rock and throw it into a river or lake while you are visualizing any pain you have to make the pain go away.
BASIL: This herb is good for love, exorcism, wealth, sympathy and protection. Dispels confusion, fears and weakness. Drives of hostile spirits. Associated with Candlemas. Carry to move forward in a positive manner despite perilous danger.
Strewn on the floors to provide protection from evil. Sprinkle an infusion of basil outside of the building where you hope to be employed for good luck in a job interview (be careful not to be seen!) or in your business to attract money and success.
Wear or carry to aid in attracting money and prosperity. Also called: Common Basil, Sweet Basil, St. Josephwort, St. Joseph's Wort, Tulsi, Tulasi, Krishnamul, Kala Tulasi, Witches Herb, Alabahaca, American Dittany.
Add Basil to money incense, put a pinch of this herb in the four corners of your home at the start of each season to bring prosperity your way. It is said that if you grow this herb in your garden, 'yell and scream at it, to make a strong plant.'
BAT HEAD ROOT: Used to obtain wishes.
BAY LAUREL: Purification, house and business blessing, and clearing confusion. Attracts romance. Keep potted plant to protect home from lightning. Place in a dream pillow for sound sleep and to induce prophetic dreams. Also called: Bay, Sweet Laurel, Sweet Bay, True Laurel, Lorbeer, Noble Laurel, Baie, Daphne.
BAY LEAF: Protection, good fortune, success, purification, strength, healing and psychic powers. Write wishes on the leaves and then burn the leaves to make the wishes come true. Or write a wish on a bay leaf with dragons blood ink for a powerful out come. Place under the pillow (or use in dream pillow) to induce inspiration and prophetic dreams. For the best power, do this with the full moon in 'Scorpio'. Place in the corner of each room in the house to protect all that dwell there. Carry bay leaf to protect yourself against black magick.
This herb is also used for clairvoyance. Burn the leaves to induce visions. Wear as an amulet to ward off negativity. Burn and scatter on the floor to purify the area (or on your alter).
BAYBERRY: This herb is good for, good fortune, luck, healing, and stress relief. Burn a white candle sprinkle with bayberry bark for good fortune and money.
Also called: American Vegetable Tallow Tree, Myrtle, Wax Myrtle, Candleberry, Candleberry Myrtle, Tallow Shrub, American Vegetable Wax, Vegetable Tallow, Waxberry, Berberry, and Pepperidge Bush.
BEDSTRAW (Fragrant): Used for love and lust.
BEECH: Wishes, happiness and divination. Improves literary skills. Place a leaf of beech between covers of Book of Shadows to increase inspiration.
BEET: Love, Beet juice can be used as ink for love magick or as a substitute for blood in spells and other rituals.
BELLADONNA: Healing and forgetting past loves. Provides protection when placed in a secret place in the home. Place on a ritual alter to honor the deities and add energy to rituals, (Note: do not ingest).
Also called: Banewort, Deadly Nightshade, Sorcerer's Berry, Whitch's Berry, Death's Herb, Devil's Cherries, Divale, Dwale, Dwaleberry, Dwayberry, Fair Lady, Great Morel, Naughty Man's Cherries.
BENZOIN: Purification, prosperity, soothing tension, dispelling anger, diminishing irritability, relieving stress and anxiety, and overcoming depression. Promotes generosity and concentration. Good to burn while using the Tarot or for success in intellectual matters. Smoulder for purification. An incense of benzoin, cinnamon and basil is said to attract customers to your place of business. Also called: Storax, Snowbells, Gum Benzoin, Siam Benzoin, Siamese Benzoin, Benzoin Gum, Ben, Benjamen.
BERGAMOT: Money, prosperity, protection from evil and illness, improving memory, stopping interference, and promoting restful sleep. Carry in a sachet while gambling to draw luck and money. Very powerful for attracting success. Burn at any ritual to increase its power. Also is called: Orange Mint.
BETEL NUT: Protection and banishing.
BILBERRY BARK: Used for protection. Also called: Whortleberry, Black Whortles, Whinberry, Huckleberry, Bleaberry, Blueberry, Airelle.
BIRCH: Protection, exorcism and purification. A birch planted close to the home is said to protect against lightning, infertility, and the evil eye. Also called: White Birch, Canoe Birch, Paper Birch, Tree of Life, Lady of the Woods.
BISTORT: Is good for fertility, divination, clairvoyance, psychic powers. Carry in a sachet for fertility and concentration. Add to any herbal mixture to boost divination. Burn with frankincense during divination or to enhance psychic powers.
Carry in a yellow flannel bag to attract wealth and good fortune. Sprinkle an infusion of bistort around the home to drive out poltergeists. Also called: Bistort Root, or Dragonwort.
BLACK COHOSH: Love, courage, protection and potency. Use in love sachets or in the bath water to prevent impotence. Carry in your pocket or amulet for courage and/or strength. Sprinkle around a room to drive evil away. Add an infusion of the herb to bath water to ensure a long and happy life.
Burn as a love incense. Put in a purple flannel bag for protection for accidents and sudden death and to keep others from doing you wrong. Also it is called: Black Snake Root, Bugbane, Squawroot, Bugwort, Rattleroot, Rattleweed, Rattlesnake Root, Richweed.
BLACK HAW: Protection, gambling, luck, power and employment. Carry in the pocket while seeking employment, if you are having problems at work, or if you are asking for a raise. Also known as: Devil's Shoestring, Stagbush and American Sloe.
BLACK PEPPER: Good for banishing negativity, exorcism, and protection from evil.
BLACK SALT: Black Salt is used in banishing and in binding rituals. Great for bothersome neighbors. Magically used to remove negative energies of thought forms from items. This type of salt is often used to remove hexes and other harmful or negative energies.
Cleansing your magical implements in a bath of black salt and water, and then wash in a bath of sea salt to purify the items and allow in only positive energies.
A perfect ingredient for filling, binding poppets, for a powerful outcome. Place a black candle in a pile of black salt for Samhain Remembrance rituals, sprinkle on Ouiji Boards with Black Salt before using the board.
BEARBERRY LEAVES: Magical use; Use in amulets for animal magic, animal shapshifting. Burn these leaves like sage leaves to honor the Celtic Gods and Goddesses. Burn with meditation incense to heighten one's psychic powers.
Sprinkle powder leaves on shoes to take you to your true love. Wonderful little leaves for spellcrafting in candles, around candles on alter. These smell, sturdy, elongated leaves are up to approximately one inch long.
BLACKBERRY: Healing, protection and money. Sacred to Brighid. Leaves and berries said to attract wealth and healing.
BLADDERWRACK: Good for protection, sea spells, wind spells, money, psychic powers and attracting customers. Wear in a charm for protection during travel, especially when traveling by water. Also called: Kelp, Seawrack, Kelpware, Black-tang, Cutweed, Sea Oak, Sea Spirit.
BLESSED THISTLE: Purification, protection against negativity and evil, hex breaking. Carry for strength and for protection. Place a bowl of blessed thistle in a room to renew the vitality and strengthen the spirit of its occupants. Men who carry thistle become better lovers. Also known as: Holy Thistle, St. Benedict Thistle, Spotted Thistle, Cardin.
BLOODROOT: Love, protection, and purification. Steep in red wine for a full cycle of the moon to use as a 'Blood Offering', for spells that calls for this (Note. DO NOT DRINK THE WINE.)
Place in windows or doorways to keep curses and evil spirits out. A favorite root for use in voodoo to defeat hexes and spells that are aimed against you. Also called: Red Root, Red Indian Paint, Tetterwort, Blood Root, Indian Paint, Pauson, Red Paint Root, Red Puccoon, Sanguinariat.
BLOWBALL: Good for love and wishes. Carry in a red bag to grant wishes. Blow to the four directions when searching for love.
BLUE COHOSH: Empowerment, purification, money drawing, love breaking, and for driving evil away.
BLUE VIOLET: Love, inspiration, good fortune, and protection from all evil. Carried for protection and to encourage fortune and changed luck. Mixed with lavender to attract lust and love. Worn to calm tempers and bring sleep. Also called: Sweet Scented Violet.
BLUEBELL: This herb is great for luck, truth and friendship. Incorporate into rituals of death and dying to comfort those left behind and ease their sorrow. Also called: Culverkeys, Jacinth, Auld Man's Bell, Ring o' Bells, and Wood Bells.
BLUEBERRY: Protection, (Note. Though not recommended), blueberry is said to cause confusion and strife when tossed in the doorway or path of an enemy.
BONESET: Protection, exorcism and warding off evil spirits. Sprinkle an infusion of boneset around the home to rid it of evil and negativity. To curse an enemy, burn as an incense with a black candle inscribed with the name of the enemy. (Note. Not recommended, remember the Law of
Thees!). Also it is called: Feverwort, Agueweed, Crosswort, Eupatorium, Indian Sage, Sweating Plant, Teasel, Thoroughwort, and Vegetable Antimony.
BORAGE: Courage and psychic powers. Float the flowers in a ritual bath to raise one's spirits. Carry or burn as an incense to increase courage and strength of character. Sprinkle an infusion of Borage around the house to ward off any evil.
Also called: Bee Bread, Starflower, Herb of Gladness, Bugloss, Burrage, and Cool Tankard.
BRAZIL NUT: Good luck in love affairs.
BREWERS YEAST: Used in facial mask potions.
BRIMSTONE: Dispels or prevents a hex on you; destroys an enemy's power over you. Burn at midnight near your back door to ward off evil. Also called: Sulfur Powder.
BROOM TOPS: Purification, wind spells, divination and protection. Sprinkle an infusion of broom tops around the home to clear away all evil. It is also called: Irish Broom, Scotch Broom, and Besom Broom.
BUCHU: Good for divination, wind spells, psychic powers and prophetic dreams. Add buchu leaves to bath water to enable yourself to foretell the future. Also called: Bucco, Agathosma Betulina, Bookoo, Bucku, Buku and also Bucco.
BUCKEYE: Divination, good luck, and attracting money and wealth. Carry whole anointed with money oil and/or wrapped in a dollar bill for constant increase in money flow. A popular Hoodoo charm for gamblers. Carry in pocket for protection against arthritis. Also called: Horse Chestnut.
BUCKTHORN: Sorceries, elf magick, and driving away enchantments. Used as a luck generator in legal matters and for winning in court. Place the branches of buckthorn near doors or windows to drive away evil and bad vibrations. To make a wish, stand in an open area facing east and concentrate on your wish; turn to your left until you are facing east again, continually sprinkling buckthorn bark powder (or an infusion made with buckthorn bark) as you turn. Also called: Arrowwood, Black Dogwood, Black Alder Dogwood, Black Alder Tree, and Persian Berries.
BUCKWHEAT: Money, protection, and fasting. Use in charms and spells to obtain treasure, riches, and wealth.
BURDOCK: Used for cleansing magick when feeling highly negative about oneself or others. Use in protection incenses and spells. Rinse with a decoction of burdock to remove negativity or negative feelings about yourself or others. Also called: Burr Seed, Clotbur, Bardana, Cocklebur, Hardock, Hareburr, Hurrburr, Turkey Burrseed, Fox's Clote, Happy Major, Lappa, Love Leaves. Personata, and Beggar's Buttons.
BURNET: Used for protection, consecration of ritual tools, and counter magick; also used to magickally treat depression and despondency. Also called: Italian Pimpernel, Salad Burnet, Greater Burnet.
BUTCHERS BROOM: Wind spells, divination, protection and psychic powers.
BUTTERBUR: Used for love, divination and to raise one's spirit by increasing sense of hope and faith. Also known as: Bog Rhubarb, Butterdock, Umbrella Plant, Lagwort, and Sweet Coltsfoot.
CHAPTER 3
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Overall At-Risk Score:47
Latin Name:
Common Name:
Family:
Overall At-Risk Score:47
Latin Name:
Common Name:
Family:
Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)
Geographic Region:
Southern Manitoba to Northern Louisiana, to the Atlantic Coast – AL, AR, CT, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, RO, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV¹
Habitat:
Bloodroot grows best in light-to-medium well-drained soils and can tolerate a wide pH range, with optimal growth in soils of pH 5–7 or higher. Its favored position is open woods but it may also be found along fences and in tree fall clearings.'²
Lifespan:
Perennial;
Reproduction:
Showy white, hermaphroditic flowers appear in early springs. Lasting only a few days before wilting and self pollinating, flowering normally occurring in March and April. May through June the plant develops cylindrical-teardrop shaped seed pods that ripen and open in July.
S. canadensis is a myrmecochoric plant, meaning its seed dispersal relies primarily on ants carrying away their seed and eating the rich lipid coating (or elaisome).
Status of Endangered/Threatened(by state):
Part of Plant Used/Active Medicinal Compounds:
The rhizome has been used in many different ways for many different treatments; as well as a dye for wood and fabric, due to the latex in the root creating a bright red-orange juice (hence the common name). Ojibwe would make lozenges with small pieces of root and maple sugar. Several native tribes used the root in teas and powders to treat colds, congestion, and flu-like symptoms. In larger doses, it was used as an abortive and emetic tea or orally ingested paste.²The rhizome is a host of several active alkaloids that have medicinal properties for a wide range of treatments. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine are the major quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids present in S. canadensis.
Sangrovit, a compound found in the rhizome of S. canadensis, has been adopted in the EU as a common food additive in agriculture and aquaculture, to function as an antibiotic and antiparasitic alternative to now banned pharmaceuticals.²
Vulnerability of habitat/changes of habitat quality and availability:
As a myrmecochoric plant, seed dispersal relies primarily on ants. The introduction of non-native invasive ants has threatened the effectiveness of this seed dispersal method, as non-native fire ant species often damage the seed when eating the elaisome and frequently deposit seeds in unsuitable growing conditions. Just like many eastern woodland species the loss of habitat has had a great impact on S. canadensis populations, with the loss of open shaded woodlands to invasive shrubs and dense growing trees.
Demand and Relative Acreage Needed to Meet Demand:
A vast majority of commercially harvested Bloodroot is exported to Europe to be used in livestock feed. 'A report completed for the North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicinal Products indicated that 135,000 lbs of bloodroot were sold to the industry in 2001. The market value of this amount was estimated at $1.89 million dollars. With growing sales, the demand could go up quickly. Seventy-five percent of the bloodroot dealers responding to the questionnaire indicated they could have sold more bloodroot in 2001.'³
Wild Harvesting Impact On Other Species:
Ametuer harvesters and careless poachers can easily mistake Twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla) with Bloodroot, due to the visual similarities of the flowers, leafs, and roots. Twinleaf lacks the medicinal alkaloids and the deep red latex in its roots. J. diphylla is endangered in Georgia and New Jersey, and threatened in Iowa and New York.⁴
Recommendations for industrial and home use:
Sustainable cultivation of S. canadensis is incredibly important as demand for the plant increases, but almost all Bloodroot sold commercially is wild harvested.
- USDA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=saca13
- Greenfield, J. and J M. Davis. 2003. Collection to commerce: western North Carolina non-timber forest products and their markets. A report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. . .
- USDA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JEDI
Photo Credit: By Spencer (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.)
Adapted from:
Greenfield, J. Davis, J.M. and K. Brayman, 2006. NC State Horticultural Leaflets: Bloodroot. Department of Horticultural Science. College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. North Carolina State University. Available online: NC State Horticultural Leaflets
Botanical Information
Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis L., is a member of the Papaveraceae family. It is a native spring wildflower that grows in rich woodlands of North America from Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Alabama, Arkansas, Nebraska, and Manitoba. It can grow in full sun, but is more often found in semi-shaded, light-wooded areas with moist, acidic soil. A perennial that grows up to ten inches tall, the plant has a single, basal leaf that can be as wide as eight inches. The flower is located on a separate stalk and is white with a yellow center. Bloodroot is one of the first wildflowers to bloom beginning in late winter and continuing into early spring. The 'root', consisting of a thickened rhizome covered with fibrous roots, is known for its reddish-orange color. .
Bioactive Components
The main bioactive components of bloodroot are alkaloids, primarily sanguinarine. Others include chelerythrine, berberine, and oxysanguinarine. Sanguinarine is antiseptic and anti-inflammatory.
Uses and Treatments
Bloodroot was a traditional medicine used by many American Indian tribes to treat fever and rheumatism. Other traditional uses were for treatment of ulcers, ringworm, and skin infections. It was, and still is, used to produce natural red, orange, and pink dyes. Currently, bloodroot is being studied for use as an anti-cancer agent, particularly for the treatment of skin cancer, and as a dissolving agent for skin growths such as warts. Bloodroot has enjoyed some commercial success in toothpaste and mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent. Internal use of bloodroot, however, is not usually recommended. Germany's Commission E. has no recommended uses of bloodroot at the current time and many herbalists consider bloodroot too toxic to ever be taken internally. An overdose of bloodroot extract can cause vomiting and loss of consciousness.
Cultivation Practices:Site Selection
Bloodroot prefers a rich moist soil that is well drained with high organic matter content. Moisture is important throughout the growing season. Consider that in its natural habitat, it is found in deep shaded to open woodland areas. Select an area with a humus-rich soil and a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. If the soil pH is too low, it can be raised with lime.
Bloodroot can be cultivated under an artificial shade structure or a natural forest canopy at 70%-80% shade. In the woods, bloodroot can be grown intensively in raised beds (referred to as 'woods cultivated'), intensively in raised beds under an artificial shade structure (referred to as 'shade grown'), or in a low-density, low-input method mimicking how it grows in the wild (referred to as 'wild simulated'). If an open field is used, a wood lath structure or polypropylene shade structure can be built to provide the necessary shade. Make the structure seven ft tall or higher with two opposite ends open to the prevailing breeze. For woods cultivated or wild simulated, select a site shaded by tall, preferably hardwood trees, where other compatible woodland plants grow such as Jack-in-the-pulpit, mayapple, trillium, wild ginger, or a native stand of bloodroot.
Planting
Bloodroot propagation is typically done through seed or root division. Unfortunately, at the present time, bloodroot seeds are not readily available in large volumes and rootstock is expensive. Bloodroot is easily propagated by dividing the rhizomes in spring or in fall. Plants can be started indoors from seed or seed can be directly sown into the ground, but the rhizome divisions allow for a faster harvestable root. . .To plant rhizomes, cut them into vertical sections, two inches in length, making sure there is at least one bud attached. There can be up to 12 buds on the rhizome of one bloodroot plant. In a well-prepared 3 ft wide bed, plant rhizome pieces deep enough to cover the top of the rhizome with one to two inches of soil (usually around four inches deep). Any fibrous roots connected to the rhizome pieces can remain attached. Stagger plantings six inches apart, making sure the bud is pointed upright when placing the rhizome pieces in the ground. Mulch beds with at least three inches of shredded hardwood mulch or leaf mulch. Add mulch as needed throughout the growing seasons and supply adequate moisture. While bloodroot does not grow well in a soggy soil, irrigation should be provided during dry periods. Plants should be ready to harvest four to five years after planting rhizomes.
Bloodroot seeds mature in mid to late spring. Oblong seedpods contain the developing seeds, and when mature, the pods open and seeds pop out. If the seeds are not collected, young seedlings will sprout around the mother plant, usually the following spring. To collect bloodroot seed, pouches can be made out of cheesecloth or fine nylon mesh (bridal veil material) to cover the young seedpods before they spring open. The pouch should be put over the immature pod and tied loosely around the stalk. When the seedpod opens, the seeds are released, but are captured in the pouch, instead of scattering to the ground.
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With seedbeds prepared, plant the fresh seeds one to two inches apart, approximately ¼ inch deep. Never allow fresh seed to dry out. Cover with a two-inch layer of leaf mulch and keep moist. Some germination should occur the following year, but many seeds may not emerge until the second spring. Once the plants have developed small rhizomes (usually after two years), they can be transplanted into regular planting beds. Plants should be ready to harvest six years after planting from seeds.
Insects and Diseases
Slugs can cause some damage on bloodroot foliage in damp seasons and in plantings with wet soils or heavy layers of straw mulch. Control methods that can be tried for slugs include beer traps, diatomaceous earth, and copper strips. Animals that forage on bloodroot include deer, groundhogs, and turkey. Standard control methods include fencing and providing an alternate food source. .Diseases that infect bloodroot include Alternaria leaf blight, Botrytis (gray mold, leaf blight), and root rot (Pythium). Leaf blights cause premature defoliation of the plant and can reduce root growth and seed set. To prevent leaf blight, avoid planting in areas with poor air circulation and do not crowd plants. If only a few plants are infected, collect and destroy all foliage with the disease symptoms. If more than a few plants are infected, and a positive identification of the disease has been made, various organic control methods may be tried. No studies on control of leaf blight on bloodroot have been published, but the Organic Materials Review Institute (http://www.omri.org/) may be consulted for organic products that are available. Root rots can usually be prevented by planting in raised beds in well-drained soils.
Harvesting, Cleaning, and Drying
Most bloodroot is harvested in the fall. If harvesting in fall, more than likely the leaves will have died back, making it difficult to know where plants are located unless the beds were clearly marked beforehand. If hand digging, a spade fork works well. For larger scale operations, a ginseng digger or potato digger can be used. Great care should be taken not to damage the roots.
Shake the roots free of soil and carefully remove any roots that are not bloodroot. No foreign matter, such as rocks, weeds, bugs, or metal, should be included with the roots. Protect from the sun and heat and do not allow the roots to dry out. Bloodroot is very susceptible to mold and should be processed as soon as possible. Wash the roots with a high-pressure stream of water from a hose or with a root washer. A root washer is typically a rotating drum with water nozzles positioned to spray water on the roots as they tumble. All soil must be removed from the roots. This may require breaking some of the larger roots to get them clean.
Once the roots are clean, dry them in a warm place with high airflow. If a herb dryer is not available, a dehydrator, greenhouse, or room equipped with racks, dehumidifer, heater, and fan can be used. Dry roots at about 950F, with high air-flow, for approximately three to seven days. The goal is to use as low a heat as possible, however, when humidity is high, the temperature in the dryer must be raised. Check roots regularly for mold or deterioration. If roots break without bending, they are dry enough to store. Make sure the larger roots are dried thoroughly. Bloodroot will dry down to approximately 25 % of its fresh weight. Once the roots are completely dry, store in burlap sacks, cardboard barrels, or cardboard boxes, in a cool, dark, dry location. Protect from rodents and insects. Dried roots can be stored for two years. .If roots are to be kept for planting stock, plant immediately or store in moist sphagnum moss at about 400F. Check frequently, stirring with your hands and inspecting for mold and mildew.
Bloodroot In Hindi Translation
For Further Reading
Cech, R. 2002. Growing At-Risk Medicinal Plants. Horizon Herbs. Williams, OR.
Greenfield, J. and J.M. Davis (eds) 2003. Analysis of the economic viability of cultivating selected botanicals in North Carolina. A report commissioned from Strategic Reports for the North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicinal Products by North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Also called: American Vegetable Tallow Tree, Myrtle, Wax Myrtle, Candleberry, Candleberry Myrtle, Tallow Shrub, American Vegetable Wax, Vegetable Tallow, Waxberry, Berberry, and Pepperidge Bush.
BEDSTRAW (Fragrant): Used for love and lust.
BEECH: Wishes, happiness and divination. Improves literary skills. Place a leaf of beech between covers of Book of Shadows to increase inspiration.
BEET: Love, Beet juice can be used as ink for love magick or as a substitute for blood in spells and other rituals.
BELLADONNA: Healing and forgetting past loves. Provides protection when placed in a secret place in the home. Place on a ritual alter to honor the deities and add energy to rituals, (Note: do not ingest).
Also called: Banewort, Deadly Nightshade, Sorcerer's Berry, Whitch's Berry, Death's Herb, Devil's Cherries, Divale, Dwale, Dwaleberry, Dwayberry, Fair Lady, Great Morel, Naughty Man's Cherries.
BENZOIN: Purification, prosperity, soothing tension, dispelling anger, diminishing irritability, relieving stress and anxiety, and overcoming depression. Promotes generosity and concentration. Good to burn while using the Tarot or for success in intellectual matters. Smoulder for purification. An incense of benzoin, cinnamon and basil is said to attract customers to your place of business. Also called: Storax, Snowbells, Gum Benzoin, Siam Benzoin, Siamese Benzoin, Benzoin Gum, Ben, Benjamen.
BERGAMOT: Money, prosperity, protection from evil and illness, improving memory, stopping interference, and promoting restful sleep. Carry in a sachet while gambling to draw luck and money. Very powerful for attracting success. Burn at any ritual to increase its power. Also is called: Orange Mint.
BETEL NUT: Protection and banishing.
BILBERRY BARK: Used for protection. Also called: Whortleberry, Black Whortles, Whinberry, Huckleberry, Bleaberry, Blueberry, Airelle.
BIRCH: Protection, exorcism and purification. A birch planted close to the home is said to protect against lightning, infertility, and the evil eye. Also called: White Birch, Canoe Birch, Paper Birch, Tree of Life, Lady of the Woods.
BISTORT: Is good for fertility, divination, clairvoyance, psychic powers. Carry in a sachet for fertility and concentration. Add to any herbal mixture to boost divination. Burn with frankincense during divination or to enhance psychic powers.
Carry in a yellow flannel bag to attract wealth and good fortune. Sprinkle an infusion of bistort around the home to drive out poltergeists. Also called: Bistort Root, or Dragonwort.
BLACK COHOSH: Love, courage, protection and potency. Use in love sachets or in the bath water to prevent impotence. Carry in your pocket or amulet for courage and/or strength. Sprinkle around a room to drive evil away. Add an infusion of the herb to bath water to ensure a long and happy life.
Burn as a love incense. Put in a purple flannel bag for protection for accidents and sudden death and to keep others from doing you wrong. Also it is called: Black Snake Root, Bugbane, Squawroot, Bugwort, Rattleroot, Rattleweed, Rattlesnake Root, Richweed.
BLACK HAW: Protection, gambling, luck, power and employment. Carry in the pocket while seeking employment, if you are having problems at work, or if you are asking for a raise. Also known as: Devil's Shoestring, Stagbush and American Sloe.
BLACK PEPPER: Good for banishing negativity, exorcism, and protection from evil.
BLACK SALT: Black Salt is used in banishing and in binding rituals. Great for bothersome neighbors. Magically used to remove negative energies of thought forms from items. This type of salt is often used to remove hexes and other harmful or negative energies.
Cleansing your magical implements in a bath of black salt and water, and then wash in a bath of sea salt to purify the items and allow in only positive energies.
A perfect ingredient for filling, binding poppets, for a powerful outcome. Place a black candle in a pile of black salt for Samhain Remembrance rituals, sprinkle on Ouiji Boards with Black Salt before using the board.
BEARBERRY LEAVES: Magical use; Use in amulets for animal magic, animal shapshifting. Burn these leaves like sage leaves to honor the Celtic Gods and Goddesses. Burn with meditation incense to heighten one's psychic powers.
Sprinkle powder leaves on shoes to take you to your true love. Wonderful little leaves for spellcrafting in candles, around candles on alter. These smell, sturdy, elongated leaves are up to approximately one inch long.
BLACKBERRY: Healing, protection and money. Sacred to Brighid. Leaves and berries said to attract wealth and healing.
BLADDERWRACK: Good for protection, sea spells, wind spells, money, psychic powers and attracting customers. Wear in a charm for protection during travel, especially when traveling by water. Also called: Kelp, Seawrack, Kelpware, Black-tang, Cutweed, Sea Oak, Sea Spirit.
BLESSED THISTLE: Purification, protection against negativity and evil, hex breaking. Carry for strength and for protection. Place a bowl of blessed thistle in a room to renew the vitality and strengthen the spirit of its occupants. Men who carry thistle become better lovers. Also known as: Holy Thistle, St. Benedict Thistle, Spotted Thistle, Cardin.
BLOODROOT: Love, protection, and purification. Steep in red wine for a full cycle of the moon to use as a 'Blood Offering', for spells that calls for this (Note. DO NOT DRINK THE WINE.)
Place in windows or doorways to keep curses and evil spirits out. A favorite root for use in voodoo to defeat hexes and spells that are aimed against you. Also called: Red Root, Red Indian Paint, Tetterwort, Blood Root, Indian Paint, Pauson, Red Paint Root, Red Puccoon, Sanguinariat.
BLOWBALL: Good for love and wishes. Carry in a red bag to grant wishes. Blow to the four directions when searching for love.
BLUE COHOSH: Empowerment, purification, money drawing, love breaking, and for driving evil away.
BLUE VIOLET: Love, inspiration, good fortune, and protection from all evil. Carried for protection and to encourage fortune and changed luck. Mixed with lavender to attract lust and love. Worn to calm tempers and bring sleep. Also called: Sweet Scented Violet.
BLUEBELL: This herb is great for luck, truth and friendship. Incorporate into rituals of death and dying to comfort those left behind and ease their sorrow. Also called: Culverkeys, Jacinth, Auld Man's Bell, Ring o' Bells, and Wood Bells.
BLUEBERRY: Protection, (Note. Though not recommended), blueberry is said to cause confusion and strife when tossed in the doorway or path of an enemy.
BONESET: Protection, exorcism and warding off evil spirits. Sprinkle an infusion of boneset around the home to rid it of evil and negativity. To curse an enemy, burn as an incense with a black candle inscribed with the name of the enemy. (Note. Not recommended, remember the Law of
Thees!). Also it is called: Feverwort, Agueweed, Crosswort, Eupatorium, Indian Sage, Sweating Plant, Teasel, Thoroughwort, and Vegetable Antimony.
BORAGE: Courage and psychic powers. Float the flowers in a ritual bath to raise one's spirits. Carry or burn as an incense to increase courage and strength of character. Sprinkle an infusion of Borage around the house to ward off any evil.
Also called: Bee Bread, Starflower, Herb of Gladness, Bugloss, Burrage, and Cool Tankard.
BRAZIL NUT: Good luck in love affairs.
BREWERS YEAST: Used in facial mask potions.
BRIMSTONE: Dispels or prevents a hex on you; destroys an enemy's power over you. Burn at midnight near your back door to ward off evil. Also called: Sulfur Powder.
BROOM TOPS: Purification, wind spells, divination and protection. Sprinkle an infusion of broom tops around the home to clear away all evil. It is also called: Irish Broom, Scotch Broom, and Besom Broom.
BUCHU: Good for divination, wind spells, psychic powers and prophetic dreams. Add buchu leaves to bath water to enable yourself to foretell the future. Also called: Bucco, Agathosma Betulina, Bookoo, Bucku, Buku and also Bucco.
BUCKEYE: Divination, good luck, and attracting money and wealth. Carry whole anointed with money oil and/or wrapped in a dollar bill for constant increase in money flow. A popular Hoodoo charm for gamblers. Carry in pocket for protection against arthritis. Also called: Horse Chestnut.
BUCKTHORN: Sorceries, elf magick, and driving away enchantments. Used as a luck generator in legal matters and for winning in court. Place the branches of buckthorn near doors or windows to drive away evil and bad vibrations. To make a wish, stand in an open area facing east and concentrate on your wish; turn to your left until you are facing east again, continually sprinkling buckthorn bark powder (or an infusion made with buckthorn bark) as you turn. Also called: Arrowwood, Black Dogwood, Black Alder Dogwood, Black Alder Tree, and Persian Berries.
BUCKWHEAT: Money, protection, and fasting. Use in charms and spells to obtain treasure, riches, and wealth.
BURDOCK: Used for cleansing magick when feeling highly negative about oneself or others. Use in protection incenses and spells. Rinse with a decoction of burdock to remove negativity or negative feelings about yourself or others. Also called: Burr Seed, Clotbur, Bardana, Cocklebur, Hardock, Hareburr, Hurrburr, Turkey Burrseed, Fox's Clote, Happy Major, Lappa, Love Leaves. Personata, and Beggar's Buttons.
BURNET: Used for protection, consecration of ritual tools, and counter magick; also used to magickally treat depression and despondency. Also called: Italian Pimpernel, Salad Burnet, Greater Burnet.
BUTCHERS BROOM: Wind spells, divination, protection and psychic powers.
BUTTERBUR: Used for love, divination and to raise one's spirit by increasing sense of hope and faith. Also known as: Bog Rhubarb, Butterdock, Umbrella Plant, Lagwort, and Sweet Coltsfoot.
CHAPTER 3
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Overall At-Risk Score:47
Latin Name:
Common Name:
Family:
Overall At-Risk Score:47
Latin Name:
Common Name:
Family:
Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)
Geographic Region:
Southern Manitoba to Northern Louisiana, to the Atlantic Coast – AL, AR, CT, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, RO, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV¹
Habitat:
Bloodroot grows best in light-to-medium well-drained soils and can tolerate a wide pH range, with optimal growth in soils of pH 5–7 or higher. Its favored position is open woods but it may also be found along fences and in tree fall clearings.'²
Lifespan:
Perennial;
Reproduction:
Showy white, hermaphroditic flowers appear in early springs. Lasting only a few days before wilting and self pollinating, flowering normally occurring in March and April. May through June the plant develops cylindrical-teardrop shaped seed pods that ripen and open in July.
S. canadensis is a myrmecochoric plant, meaning its seed dispersal relies primarily on ants carrying away their seed and eating the rich lipid coating (or elaisome).
Status of Endangered/Threatened(by state):
Part of Plant Used/Active Medicinal Compounds:
The rhizome has been used in many different ways for many different treatments; as well as a dye for wood and fabric, due to the latex in the root creating a bright red-orange juice (hence the common name). Ojibwe would make lozenges with small pieces of root and maple sugar. Several native tribes used the root in teas and powders to treat colds, congestion, and flu-like symptoms. In larger doses, it was used as an abortive and emetic tea or orally ingested paste.²The rhizome is a host of several active alkaloids that have medicinal properties for a wide range of treatments. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine are the major quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids present in S. canadensis.
Sangrovit, a compound found in the rhizome of S. canadensis, has been adopted in the EU as a common food additive in agriculture and aquaculture, to function as an antibiotic and antiparasitic alternative to now banned pharmaceuticals.²
Vulnerability of habitat/changes of habitat quality and availability:
As a myrmecochoric plant, seed dispersal relies primarily on ants. The introduction of non-native invasive ants has threatened the effectiveness of this seed dispersal method, as non-native fire ant species often damage the seed when eating the elaisome and frequently deposit seeds in unsuitable growing conditions. Just like many eastern woodland species the loss of habitat has had a great impact on S. canadensis populations, with the loss of open shaded woodlands to invasive shrubs and dense growing trees.
Demand and Relative Acreage Needed to Meet Demand:
A vast majority of commercially harvested Bloodroot is exported to Europe to be used in livestock feed. 'A report completed for the North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicinal Products indicated that 135,000 lbs of bloodroot were sold to the industry in 2001. The market value of this amount was estimated at $1.89 million dollars. With growing sales, the demand could go up quickly. Seventy-five percent of the bloodroot dealers responding to the questionnaire indicated they could have sold more bloodroot in 2001.'³
Wild Harvesting Impact On Other Species:
Ametuer harvesters and careless poachers can easily mistake Twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla) with Bloodroot, due to the visual similarities of the flowers, leafs, and roots. Twinleaf lacks the medicinal alkaloids and the deep red latex in its roots. J. diphylla is endangered in Georgia and New Jersey, and threatened in Iowa and New York.⁴
Recommendations for industrial and home use:
Sustainable cultivation of S. canadensis is incredibly important as demand for the plant increases, but almost all Bloodroot sold commercially is wild harvested.
- USDA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=saca13
- Greenfield, J. and J M. Davis. 2003. Collection to commerce: western North Carolina non-timber forest products and their markets. A report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. . .
- USDA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JEDI
Photo Credit: By Spencer (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.)
Adapted from:
Greenfield, J. Davis, J.M. and K. Brayman, 2006. NC State Horticultural Leaflets: Bloodroot. Department of Horticultural Science. College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. North Carolina State University. Available online: NC State Horticultural Leaflets
Botanical Information
Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis L., is a member of the Papaveraceae family. It is a native spring wildflower that grows in rich woodlands of North America from Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Alabama, Arkansas, Nebraska, and Manitoba. It can grow in full sun, but is more often found in semi-shaded, light-wooded areas with moist, acidic soil. A perennial that grows up to ten inches tall, the plant has a single, basal leaf that can be as wide as eight inches. The flower is located on a separate stalk and is white with a yellow center. Bloodroot is one of the first wildflowers to bloom beginning in late winter and continuing into early spring. The 'root', consisting of a thickened rhizome covered with fibrous roots, is known for its reddish-orange color. .
Bioactive Components
The main bioactive components of bloodroot are alkaloids, primarily sanguinarine. Others include chelerythrine, berberine, and oxysanguinarine. Sanguinarine is antiseptic and anti-inflammatory.
Uses and Treatments
Bloodroot was a traditional medicine used by many American Indian tribes to treat fever and rheumatism. Other traditional uses were for treatment of ulcers, ringworm, and skin infections. It was, and still is, used to produce natural red, orange, and pink dyes. Currently, bloodroot is being studied for use as an anti-cancer agent, particularly for the treatment of skin cancer, and as a dissolving agent for skin growths such as warts. Bloodroot has enjoyed some commercial success in toothpaste and mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent. Internal use of bloodroot, however, is not usually recommended. Germany's Commission E. has no recommended uses of bloodroot at the current time and many herbalists consider bloodroot too toxic to ever be taken internally. An overdose of bloodroot extract can cause vomiting and loss of consciousness.
Cultivation Practices:Site Selection
Bloodroot prefers a rich moist soil that is well drained with high organic matter content. Moisture is important throughout the growing season. Consider that in its natural habitat, it is found in deep shaded to open woodland areas. Select an area with a humus-rich soil and a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. If the soil pH is too low, it can be raised with lime.
Bloodroot can be cultivated under an artificial shade structure or a natural forest canopy at 70%-80% shade. In the woods, bloodroot can be grown intensively in raised beds (referred to as 'woods cultivated'), intensively in raised beds under an artificial shade structure (referred to as 'shade grown'), or in a low-density, low-input method mimicking how it grows in the wild (referred to as 'wild simulated'). If an open field is used, a wood lath structure or polypropylene shade structure can be built to provide the necessary shade. Make the structure seven ft tall or higher with two opposite ends open to the prevailing breeze. For woods cultivated or wild simulated, select a site shaded by tall, preferably hardwood trees, where other compatible woodland plants grow such as Jack-in-the-pulpit, mayapple, trillium, wild ginger, or a native stand of bloodroot.
Planting
Bloodroot propagation is typically done through seed or root division. Unfortunately, at the present time, bloodroot seeds are not readily available in large volumes and rootstock is expensive. Bloodroot is easily propagated by dividing the rhizomes in spring or in fall. Plants can be started indoors from seed or seed can be directly sown into the ground, but the rhizome divisions allow for a faster harvestable root. . .To plant rhizomes, cut them into vertical sections, two inches in length, making sure there is at least one bud attached. There can be up to 12 buds on the rhizome of one bloodroot plant. In a well-prepared 3 ft wide bed, plant rhizome pieces deep enough to cover the top of the rhizome with one to two inches of soil (usually around four inches deep). Any fibrous roots connected to the rhizome pieces can remain attached. Stagger plantings six inches apart, making sure the bud is pointed upright when placing the rhizome pieces in the ground. Mulch beds with at least three inches of shredded hardwood mulch or leaf mulch. Add mulch as needed throughout the growing seasons and supply adequate moisture. While bloodroot does not grow well in a soggy soil, irrigation should be provided during dry periods. Plants should be ready to harvest four to five years after planting rhizomes.
Bloodroot seeds mature in mid to late spring. Oblong seedpods contain the developing seeds, and when mature, the pods open and seeds pop out. If the seeds are not collected, young seedlings will sprout around the mother plant, usually the following spring. To collect bloodroot seed, pouches can be made out of cheesecloth or fine nylon mesh (bridal veil material) to cover the young seedpods before they spring open. The pouch should be put over the immature pod and tied loosely around the stalk. When the seedpod opens, the seeds are released, but are captured in the pouch, instead of scattering to the ground.
UpS RECOMMENDATIONS
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*Seek to use analogues or alternative medicinal species.
With seedbeds prepared, plant the fresh seeds one to two inches apart, approximately ¼ inch deep. Never allow fresh seed to dry out. Cover with a two-inch layer of leaf mulch and keep moist. Some germination should occur the following year, but many seeds may not emerge until the second spring. Once the plants have developed small rhizomes (usually after two years), they can be transplanted into regular planting beds. Plants should be ready to harvest six years after planting from seeds.
Insects and Diseases
Slugs can cause some damage on bloodroot foliage in damp seasons and in plantings with wet soils or heavy layers of straw mulch. Control methods that can be tried for slugs include beer traps, diatomaceous earth, and copper strips. Animals that forage on bloodroot include deer, groundhogs, and turkey. Standard control methods include fencing and providing an alternate food source. .Diseases that infect bloodroot include Alternaria leaf blight, Botrytis (gray mold, leaf blight), and root rot (Pythium). Leaf blights cause premature defoliation of the plant and can reduce root growth and seed set. To prevent leaf blight, avoid planting in areas with poor air circulation and do not crowd plants. If only a few plants are infected, collect and destroy all foliage with the disease symptoms. If more than a few plants are infected, and a positive identification of the disease has been made, various organic control methods may be tried. No studies on control of leaf blight on bloodroot have been published, but the Organic Materials Review Institute (http://www.omri.org/) may be consulted for organic products that are available. Root rots can usually be prevented by planting in raised beds in well-drained soils.
Harvesting, Cleaning, and Drying
Most bloodroot is harvested in the fall. If harvesting in fall, more than likely the leaves will have died back, making it difficult to know where plants are located unless the beds were clearly marked beforehand. If hand digging, a spade fork works well. For larger scale operations, a ginseng digger or potato digger can be used. Great care should be taken not to damage the roots.
Shake the roots free of soil and carefully remove any roots that are not bloodroot. No foreign matter, such as rocks, weeds, bugs, or metal, should be included with the roots. Protect from the sun and heat and do not allow the roots to dry out. Bloodroot is very susceptible to mold and should be processed as soon as possible. Wash the roots with a high-pressure stream of water from a hose or with a root washer. A root washer is typically a rotating drum with water nozzles positioned to spray water on the roots as they tumble. All soil must be removed from the roots. This may require breaking some of the larger roots to get them clean.
Once the roots are clean, dry them in a warm place with high airflow. If a herb dryer is not available, a dehydrator, greenhouse, or room equipped with racks, dehumidifer, heater, and fan can be used. Dry roots at about 950F, with high air-flow, for approximately three to seven days. The goal is to use as low a heat as possible, however, when humidity is high, the temperature in the dryer must be raised. Check roots regularly for mold or deterioration. If roots break without bending, they are dry enough to store. Make sure the larger roots are dried thoroughly. Bloodroot will dry down to approximately 25 % of its fresh weight. Once the roots are completely dry, store in burlap sacks, cardboard barrels, or cardboard boxes, in a cool, dark, dry location. Protect from rodents and insects. Dried roots can be stored for two years. .If roots are to be kept for planting stock, plant immediately or store in moist sphagnum moss at about 400F. Check frequently, stirring with your hands and inspecting for mold and mildew.
Bloodroot In Hindi Translation
For Further Reading
Cech, R. 2002. Growing At-Risk Medicinal Plants. Horizon Herbs. Williams, OR.
Greenfield, J. and J.M. Davis (eds) 2003. Analysis of the economic viability of cultivating selected botanicals in North Carolina. A report commissioned from Strategic Reports for the North Carolina Consortium on Natural Medicinal Products by North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Greenfield, J. and J M. Davis. 2003. Collection to commerce: western North Carolina non-timber forest products and their markets. A report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. . .
Persons, W.S., and J. M. Davis. 2005. Growing and Marketing Ginseng, Goldenseal and other Woodland Medicinals. Bright Mountain Books. Fairview, NC.
. .Sturdivant, L. and T . Blakley. 1999. Medicinal Herbs in the Garden, Field, and Marketplace. San Juan Naturals. Friday Harbor, W A.
US Department of Agriculture, Crops Research Division Agricultural Research Service. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States, Agriculture Handbook No. 165. Washington, DC.
FURTHER READING:
Bloodroot Herb Meaning In Hindi
https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/bloodr59.html
http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=saca13
http://www.drugs.com/npc/bloodroot.html
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/hil/hil-134.html
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SACA13
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/69940/bloodroot
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=m290
https://www.prairiemoon.com/seeds/wildflowers-forbs/sanguinaria-canadensis-bloodroot.html